7. The most significant defining characteristic of the paleolithic era was that

                   A)      human beings used stone and bone tools in their cultivation of crops.

                   B)      peoples relied on hunting and gathering for subsistence.

                   C)      men and women engaged in the same economic activities.

                   D)      people domesticated animals.

13. The term neolithic era refers to

                   A)      the early stages of a cultivating society.

                   B)      the agricultural transition.

                   C)      the era in which the peoples began to use polished stone tools.

                   D)      the era in which people began to live permanently in villages.

                   E)      all of the above.

15 All of the following social changes were brought about by agriculture except

                   A)      population growth.

                   B)      the emergence of villages and towns.

                   C)      the invention of writing.

                   D)      the specialization of labor.

                   E)      the emergence of social classes.

1. Gilgamesh was

                   A)      a king of the city-state of Uruk.

                   B)      a hero in a popular Mesopotamian epic.

                   C)      a warrior in conflict with the city of Kish.

                   D)      a legendary loyal friend of Enkidu.

                   E)      all of the above.

7 Which of the following was the latest invention?

                   A)      bronze metallurgy.

                   B)      the wheel.

                   C)      ships.

                   D)      iron metallurgy.

                   E)      the chariot.               

17. Which of the following is not associated with the Phoenicians?

                   A)      agriculture.

                   B)      alphabetic script.

                   C)      Astarte.

                   D)      city-states.

                   E)      shipbuilding.                  

3. Which of the following is true of the Nile?

                   A)      By worldwide standards it is a relatively short river.

                   B)      It is unusual in that it is navigable throughout its length.

                   C)      It used to flood very predictably.

                   D)      It flows from north to south.

5. Unification of Egyptian rule came about through the conqueror

                   A)      Menes.

                   B)      Hatshepsut.

                   C)      Ta-Seti.

                   D)      Khufu.

6. The Egyptian pyramids

                   A)      were built during the Old Kingdom.

                   B)      served as royal tombs.

                   C)      are testimony to the power of the pharaoh.

                   D)      stand at Giza.

                   E)      all of the above.

6. By about 1700 B.C.E., the residents of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro began to abandon their cities because

                   A)      frequent epidemics made city living impossible.

                   B)      deforestation of the Indus River valley brought about ecological degradation.

                   C)      the horse-riding Aryans began to invade the cities.

                   D)      the Indus River dried up.

                   E)      all of the above.

11. The Indian caste system

                   A)      was a central institution that served to promote social stability.

                   B)      was incapable of accommodating social changes.

                   C)      was actually not much of a restriction on the upward mobility of individuals.

                   D)      did not persist beyond the Vedic age.

                   E)      none of the above.          

13. Which of the following was evidence of the subordination of women to men in Aryan society?

                   A)      patrilineal descent

                   B)      the Lawbook of Manu.

                   C)      the practice of sati.

                   D)      women had no responsibilities for religious rituals.

                   E)      all of the above.

1. By exalting the legendary sage kings (Yao, Shun, and Yu) as exemplars of virtue, Chinese moralists promoted the values of

                   A)      hunting and gathering.

                   B)      military aggression and masculinity.

                   C)      social harmony, selflessness, hard work.

                   D)      matriarchy and the home.

                   E)      none of the above.

7. According to Zhou political theory, the Zhou king overthrew the Shang dynasty because

                   A)      the Shang lost the mandate of heaven.

                   B)      the subjects of Shang shifted their loyalty to Zhou.

                   C)      the last Shang king was a criminal fool.

                   D)      the Zhou was a much larger state than the Shang.                

13. In practice, the veneration of ancestors reinforced the authority of the patriarchal head of the family because

                   A)      only male ancestors were the subjects of worship.

                   B)      female members of the family did not participate in honoring ancestors.

                   C)      it was the patriarch who presided at the rites honoring ancestors.

                   D)      only male ancestors were reincarnated.

                   E)      all of the above.

6. The Persian Royal Road stretched some 2,575 kilometers (1,600 miles) from Sardis in Lydia to Susa in Iran. To travel from one end to the other, it would take

                   A)      six months for caravans.

                   B)      ninety days for caravans.

                   C)      two weeks for Marathon runners.

                   D)      one month for imperial couriers.

                   E)      one year for merchants.

17. Zarathustra was

                   A)      an emperor.

                   B)      a prophet.

                   C)      a magi.

                   D)      a monotheist.

                   E)      none of the above.

1. Confucius left an enduring mark on Chinese society as

                   A)      an educator and political advisor.

                   B)      a man involved in the practice of statecraft as an ambitious official.

                   C)      a great traveler and writer of deep philosophical treatises.

                   D)      a powerful and wise emperor.

                   E)      none of the above.

6. The concept dao means

                   A)      natural laws such as those defined by modern physics.

     B)      the original force of the cosmos, an eternal and unchanging principle that                            

               governs all the workings of the world.

                   C)      passive and yielding forces that exist only in water and empty spaces.

                   D)      living according to ren, li, and xia.

                   E)      all of the above.

11. The excavation site of the First Emperor's tomb nearby Xi'an is a great tourist attraction. When you visit the tomb, you can see

                   A)      a great terra-cotta army of Qin soldiers and cavalry.

                   B)      sacrificed slaves, concubines, and craftsmen who designed and built the tomb.

                   C)      a map of the emperor's realm on the ceiling.

                   D)      an underground palace lined with bronze.

                   E)      all of the above.

14. Han Wudi, the greatest and most energetic emperor of the Han dynasty, was remembered by later generations

                   A)      as the "First Emperor."

                   B)      as the "Martial Emperor."

                   C)      as a "socialist emperor."

                   D)      for his successful conquest of central Asia.

                   E)      none of the above.

15. In preparing governmental officials, the imperial university of the Later Han enrolled more than three thousand students, with its curriculum primarily based on

                   A)      the statecraft policies of Legalism.

                   B)      political science and the study of law.

                   C)      Daoism.

                   D)      Confucianism.

3. The invasions of Darius and Alexander played an important role in Indian politics and history because

                   A)      the conquests brought India, Persia, and Mesopotamia together as one country.

                   B)      foreign religions began to take root in Indian society.

                   C)      the Greeks dominated Indian history for centuries.

                   D)      the intrusions destroyed many petty kingdoms and created a political vacuum.

                   E)      all of the above.

4. The man who founded the first Indian empire was

                   A)      Chandragupta Maurya

                   B)      Chandra Gupta

                   C)      Ashoka Maurya

                   D)      Alexander of Macedon

                   E)      Siddhartha Gautama

5. Ashoka, the great emperor of the Mauryan empire,

                   A)      was the only emperor who extended India beyond the subcontinent.

                   B)      wrote a handbook on the principles of government

                   C)      converted to Buddhism after his bloody war against Kalinga.

                   D)      abdicated his throne and led a life so ascetic that he starved himself to death.

                   E)      none of the above

6. Which of the following caused the Maurya empire to decline and collapse?

                   A)      financial difficulties caused by maintaining the army and bureaucracy.

                   B)      peasant rebellions and factional violence among members of the imperial court.

                   C)      foreign invasion by White Huns.

                   D)      too many converts to Jainism refused to fight wars.

                   E)      all of the above.

9. The White Huns occupied Bactria and prepared to cross the Hindu Kush into India during the fourth and fifth centuries. Their invasions

                   A)      reduced the Gupta empire into an empty name.

                   B)      galvanized local kingdoms to unify themselves for self-defense.

                   C)      met fierce resistance from the Gupta empire.

                   D)      introduced Buddhism to India.

                   E)      none of the above.

14. According to legend, Siddhartha Gautama, the first Buddha, abandoned his family and comfortable life to lead the existence of a holy man because of his concern with

                   A)      suffering.

                   B)      the souls of everything in the universe.

                   C)      social responsibility associated with his caste.

                   D)      his guilt over his behavior in battle.

                   E)      his children.

17. Which of the following statements do not apply to Ashoka's support of Buddhism?

                   A)      He banned animal sacrifices and hunting.

                   B)      He became a vegetarian.

                   C)      He built monasteries and stupas and made pilgrimages to Buddhist holy sites.

                   D)      He sent Buddhist missionaries to foreign countries.

                   E)      He abdicated his throne, abandoned his imperial family, lived in a Buddhist                                 monastery, and finally attained nirvana.

19. Buddhism gradually lost its popularity in India because

                   A)      it did not promise to make life easy for its adherents.

                   B)      brahmans, the dominant class of classical India, no longer tolerated Buddhism.

                   C)      Buddhist monasteries were abolished in India by royal decree.

                   D)      it grew increasingly remote from the population at large.

                   E)      all of the above.

4. Which of the following was part of Spartan life?

                   A)      Boys were taken away from their mothers for military training.

                   B)      Young married women did not live with their husbands.

                   C)      The helots were unfree servants of the Spartan state.

                   D)      Vigorous physical exercise for girls was encouraged, in hopes that they would                                       bear strong children.

                   E)      All of the above.

5. Which of the following was an Athenian political leader?

                   A)      Sophocles

                   B)      Sappho

                   C)      Pericles

                   D)      Homer

                   E)      Darius

10. The Peloponnesian War was fought between

                   A)      two groups of Greek adversaries under the leadership of Athens and Sparta.

                   B)      Thebes and Corinth.

                   C)      Anatolian Greeks and peninsular Greeks.

                   D)      the Persian Empire and Athens.

                   E)      none of the above.

11. The freedom and independence of the Greek poleis finally fell under

                   A)      Xerxes by 480 B.C.E.

                   B)      Pericles by 429 B.C.E.

                   C)      Philip II by 338 B.C.E.

                   D)      Alexander by 336 B.C.E.

                   E)      Plato by 400 B.C.E.

11. By Roman law,

                   A)      a defendant was assumed innocent until proven guilty.

                   B)      defendants had a right to challenge their accusers before a judge.

                   C)      the judge enjoyed great discretion in applying laws.

                   D)      judges could set aside laws.

                   E)      all of the above.

12. Which of the following were not attractions of the city of Rome?

                   A)      public baths, swimming pools, gymnasia.

                   B)      the Pantheon's dome.

                   C)      statues, monumental arches, temples, aqueducts.

                   D)      public beaches on the Mediterranean.

                   E)      chariot races in the Circus Maximus.