SPRITE Religious Wars

Spanish Civil and Religious wars:

Social - Dutch hate Spanish because the Spanish are Catholic and the Dutch are largely Calvinist Puritans, The Dutch also want to be a nation state and increase their political power and economic wealth. When Philip reduced power of dutch nobles they had enough and began to fight.
Political - Spanish fury is when Spanish troops sacked Antwerp – infuriated the Dutch, netherlands war for independance, Rome sacked by Charles I, spanish armada against England, Philip II marries Mary I of england, inquisition used in low countries. In the end, theNetherlands (led by William of Orange) became a free country and Spanish Beligium (southern low countries) remained Catholic and connected to Spain.
Religious - Philip II tries to spread catholocism, calvinism common in middle class in Netherlands, union of Utrecht creates calvinist union between nothern low countries
Intellectual - peter breughel paints spanish fury using propaganda, killing without justification, unions and leagues created to balance of power. Lots of great art from Brueghal, Bosch and others.
Technology – bigger and more powerful boats used in Spanish armada were defeated by small and fast English ships (and a hurricane)
Economical - debt from wars, dutch commercial supremacy begins when they are free from Spain, Spain begins its long slide toward poverty, colonies in south and central america create imperialism for Spain that runs out when the colonies can't produce as much gold and silver as before and when Philip II spent so much money on wars. Inflation was high in spain since they had so much money in supply.

Constitutionalism - Dutch Domination

S Society becomes a productive place because the economy is good and because the people are hardworking Calvinists, new commodities and spices are introduced to to Europe, people are treated more equal and kindly, and women receive few more rights. Socially, this domination improved the society because of their free time to expand their growth. Money and earned political position determined social status; Universities and schools much more available to a mixture of social classes
P The Dutch show Europe that a decentralized constitutional government is very effective in having a good economy and being well dominant, The Dutch political government is stable and effective because of the prosperous times, the government benefits from colonies in the new world which furthers their power Politically, the Dutch got the “power of goods” which enabled them to control trade during the early 1600s.
R Religious tolerance in Dutch nation, Catholics still unliked... but treated somewhat equally. Dutch prove that Calvinism is a good religion and that it is effective, Calvinist ideas are spread throughout Europe because of increased trade with the Dutch especially to France and Scotland, Calvinists are less persecuted throughout Europe, therefore the Catholic Church's power is reduced greatly and Rome and Italy lose a lot of power both politically and religiously. Religion also played a part in the domination because the Dutch were mainly Calvinists whose motto is basically(according to Edmonds), “It is God’s will for me to work as hard as I can to benefit the community and make money for myself.”
I Intellects of the time are pleased with the situation in the Netherlands and decide that a Constitutional government must be the best option of ruling people, leads to Enlightenment ideals, some intellects use the Netherlands as proof that staying out of wars is beneficial to that country's economy and to its society as a whole
T With a bunch of money from trade and banking the people start spending the money on newly invented infrastructure which increased the Netherlands's economic production as a whole, people felt that they should invent new things that could benefit the Dutch economy, new techniques of farming are also invented which also boost the Dutch economy. the ships involved in order to sell the fish, lumber, etc. Bigger and better windmills used to drain more land to farm which increased food production significantly. Invention of microscope which improved science greatly hydraulic engineers greatly improve technology and pump water out of Dutch land. Astronomy improved as well.
E The economy of the Dutch was booming and was incredibly stable, corporations sprung up that brought in money from around all of Europe, trade increased dramatically and the Dutch East India Company had a monopoly on many spices and commodities that were in a high demand in Europe, best of all the Dutch had no inflation because it was not fighting in the Thirty Years War banking system GREATLY improved; main reason of Dutch Domination Dutch East India Company= 1st multi-national corporation; Slave trade increases economy. The economy died with the speculation over Tulip Bulb prices. How Romantic.

RELIGIOUS AND CIVIL WARS (30 Years War)
S- The 30 Years War changed Europe socially because a few countries had intervention in the War, quite possibly strengthening some bonds between countries, some countries that intervened were: Sweden, France, and Denmark. These 3 countires could have helped strengthen bonds (or weaken them) throughout Europe, with other countries. Independence of Dutch republic and Switzerland due to Peace of Westphalia, This war was fought among all the classes. This is because Calvinism appealed to people of all classes, the rich, the poor, and the very few that were in between. The results of this war were of religious acceptance among society giving it a social aspect.

P- The 30 Years War changed Europe politically because of the enshrinment of
Germany divided among many territories, which all had something called "de facto sovereignity" which severely reduced the power of the Holy Roman Empire, as well as German power. So when you reduce power of something that was as strong as the Holy Roman Empire, there is definitely a political change somewhere. Hapsburg ruled Kingdom of Bohemia, Ferdinand II was ruler, Defenestration of Prague, Ferdinand II won support of Maximilian I,, they together won over Frederick V at Battle of White Mountain, King Christian IV, people took control of Prague to determine that Ferdinand was deposed, Treaty of Prague, Peace of Westphalia, King Philip IV of Spain marries his daughter Maria Theresa to King Louis XIV of France, Treaty of Pyrenees, Treaty of Prague, Pope not powerful politically anymore since he wasn't even invited to the Treaty talks. The war was all about who would become king. This causes the wars to be political.. One example of this is when in order to get an anti-Guise alliance, the current queen married off her daughter to Henry of Navarre, giving Henri a right to the throne. The people who sided with the Huguenots though, were people, who weren’t necessarily Calvinist, but they had disagreed with what the monarchy had become and they were more than happy to revolt. This made the wars more religious than they were political. In the end though the winner was Henri IV of Navarre. The Latin phrase “une foi, un loi, un roi” which means one faith, one law, one king, ties all of the causes together to show how the wars were political and religious.

R- The 30 Years War changed Europe religiously because it strengthend the
hatred between the Catholics and the Protestants, by having them contiously fighting, and having such a terrible war as the 30 Years War. now Calivinists'/Roman Catholics/and Lutherans' recognized as religions after this war, but before war-Lutherans' and Roman Catholics were the only two considered by the Peace of Augsburg. Peace of Augsburg, Peace of Westphalia, Lutherans, Calvinists, RomanCatholics, Ferdinand II supported Catholics, Calvinists' alarmed byFerdinand, Calvinist revolt in 1618, Catholic League lead by Maximilian I; Peace of Augsburg gave idea of only certain religions being accepted by the states, Peace of Westphalia made new idea that other religions can be
considered as well. Because there were two religions represented, it was obviously a religious war. The biggest event was the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre. In this event, Henri of Guise attacked a get together of Huguenots on one of their holidays. This event killed 20,000 Protestants in a horrible persecution. This led to questioning of the future of Protestantism through out France and even Europe. But, that didn’t stop the Huguenots. Even though they made up only 7% of the population. On the other hand there were many extreme Catholics that could gather large armies to destroy the Huguenots. Finally after many years of fighting, Henri of Navarre became King Henri IV of France and converted to Catholicism in order to be king. He has been known to say, “Paris is worth a mass.” Once king, though, Henri signed the Edict of Nantes which allowed religious freedom to the Huguenots, giving them a right to publicly worship hold offices, and other political privileges. This was later revoked though.

I- The 30 Years War changed Europe intellectually because of the gunpower that was now being used frequently in warfare, which added to the bloodshed that was now being delt with during the wars, the gunpowder was a major turning point in wars, this changed Europe intellectually because they now were gaining ideas about different ways to use the gunpowder, and gaining new ideas that branched
off from this gunpowder.
T- The 30 Years War changed Europe technologically because, again going back to the gunpower idea, this invention became a very popular war tool, it increased the soldiers that were wounded/killed on the other side of the battlefield, and it was almost as if the other side was gaining an advantage, unless both sides had the new better gunpowder. But the rise in the popularity of gunpower (and cannons and better guns) was very crucial to the sides that had it, because it improved their chances of winning the war, and gaining what they wanted. See above.
E- The 30 Years War changed Europe economically because of the increasing of the France-Hapsburg rivalry, possibly could have hindered trades between countries that sided with France, and countries that sided with the Hapsburgs, it could have also strengthened the hated between France-sided countries and Hapsburg-sided countries increasing the chance of warfare. 30% of Germany and 10% of Europe killed off by the war, demand for weapons and supplies increases, but demand cannot be met. The war also helped the Dutch gained power since they were not involved with the war. Thus, the Age of Dutch Domination. As like all wars, this one hurt the economy. Especially the money of the royals because the Valois family spent most of their time, energy and (you guessed it) money into this war.

Religious & Civil War- England

S Parliament gained more power than king which gave people in the communities more power or say. People were in an uproar - families against themselves, neighbors against neighbors during the fight for which religion and government system would be used. Among the citizens of Spain, the Netherlands, and other areas held by Philip II, there was no national pride. This left people to live the lives they wanted without being affected by the monarchy.

P Absolutist king or constitutional king was the big question of the day. also, since Henry VIII, the country hadn't seen a really strong ruler.House of Commons & House of Lords are developed, Constitutional Government Cromwell ruled as a leader of a Commonwealth as well as a Military Dictator Philip was a great political leader in Spain. He was able to maintain his power and expand his kingdom. He did however have a hard time gaining power for the monarchy due to the lack of national pride His downfall came when he fought too many wars at once and ran out of money.

R Anglicans and Catholics fought Calvinists.  Right before war broke out, England went through phases of different religions. Archbishop Laud was impeached because he required Anglican and Presbyterians to us Prayer Book and favoring Divine Right King Philip II was very religious. He is sometimes called the “Most Catholic King” due to his strong alliance with the pope. He became married to Queen Mary Tudor of England in order to help her restore Catholicism in England.

I Anglicanism, Presbyterianism, increase of power to Parliament; professional army of Cromwells and individual thought concerning religion or political party

T Cromwell built an amazing army - the New Model Army

E Battles between Merchants and Nobles changed trade patterns since the nobles only traded with other nobles and the merchants (Puritans) mostly only traded with other Calvinists. 

French Civil Wars

Religious and Civil Wars Results
Social- There was increasing social division because of the different religions, new culture was created because of the religions, the strong alliances, and new political boundaries. The country was split into different sides, so there was a lot of social conflict.  People may not have been sure who they were friends with anymore, or who they could trust. Baroque art is taking place. N. Renaissance artists like Duher Brueghal and Bosch created new art because they wanted to depict how gruesome their experience in war was, many die in the wars which was harmful to society, women have to do more jobs in society because her husband is off at war, clothing and other items cost more because the economy is bad.
Political- most monarchs had a more centralized control of their nation, the government held more power because during war the government is in control of more things so it needs more power, political rivals of the monarch were crushed, the Church lost political power; in the Treat of Westphalia, “the Dutch” Northern Netherlands were officially recognized as their own country, and many borders were revised slightly. There were also several new monarchs in place (Henry VI, Charles II, etc.) and the pope was losing power; less religious conflicts, BOP changes so that France and England will soon dominate rather than Spain.. In each of these countries, royalty and politicians were the ones at war; it was between the liberals and the royalists, so they were fighting with eachother.
Religious- many people became less firm believers in their religions, some entire countries were “converted” several times to different religions
Ideas- Scholars and other intellects witnessed ways their governments failed in ruling their people which led to new ideas on how people should be governed which became the Enlightenment, some people were thinking of new ways to win battles and of new strategies and tactics, caused many scholars to protest war because they knew of its effects. A few of the long term impacts were increased religious acceptance, and secularism becomes more prominent since these wars seemed to be about religion; The wars had an intellectual affect on people, because anytime something huge like war happens, people start thinking.  The whole reason wars take place is because people have different ideas.
Technology- some existing technology used in new and innovative ways. Better gunpowerder that stayed dry and didn't blow up randomly incrased effectiveness of better designed guns. Cannons become practical to use for the first time. This all adds up to a lot of slaughter in Europe.
Economics- Wars have huge economic affects.  The economy was not exactly helped due to this war or any other, but in the long run it was probably a step forward.  Buildings and cities are destroyed. unstable government and kingdom which would make people not want to trade with you because they do not want to risk losing their money, inflation is way up because the king/government is spending like crazy to fund the war it's in, taxes are way up to provide the government/king money to spend on the war it's in  Southern Netherlands and Spain devastated, many countries in debt, the Dutch have more better managed money than anyone else England, Religious and Civil Wars.