European Monarchs

Here is a short study guide for the quiz on Friday.  You must know these monarchs in order and be able to match them with their most important accomplishments.  I will choose obvious things that are very important for the matching quiz.  If you make a study guide using your notes by listing 2-3 things each king or queen did that would be an excellent idea and very helpful for the quiz on Friday.  The quiz will have the names of the kings and queens and the events like today’s quiz did. 

 

Holy Roman Empire

Habsburg Line

Charles V    1519-1556

          Defeated the Ottoman Turks at Vienna

          Refused to capture and kill Martin Luther at the Diet of Worms

Leopold I    1658-1705

          Fights his cousin Louis XIV in War for Spanish Succession – loses throne of France but gains

Spanish Belgium and parts of Italy

Charles VI   1711-1740

          Author of Pragmatic Sanction giving his daughter right to rule

Joseph II     1765-1790 (ruled with mother Maria Teresa)

          Most Enlightened HRE

Austria

Habsburg Line

Maria Theresa        1740-1780

          Saves throne by defeating Prussia in War for Austrian Succession; lost Silesia to Prussia; Enlightened Despot;

increased roads, schools and hospitals

limited power of Catholic church

Joseph II     1780-1790
          Enlightened Despot

          Freed the serfs

         

British Isles

Tudor Line

Henry VII    1485-1509

          Founded modern England after

          Won the War of the Roses

Henry VIII   1509-1547

          Awarded Defender of the Faith medal for supporting Pope over Luther

          Founded Anglican church by breaking from Catholics

          Married six times hoping for a male heir1111

Edward VI   1547-1553

          Died at age 16;

          Controlled by Calvinist advisors

          Passed the 39 Articles moving England closer to Puritanism

Mary I                   1553-1558

          Catholic who forced England back to Catholicism

          Married Phillip II of Spain

          Unpopular with many English   

Elizabeth I    1558-1603

          Moved England back to Anglicanism

          Pragmatic ruler allowed catholics and Puritans to worship as well so long as they

          Were loyal to the state

          Politique

          English Renaissance

                   Shakespeare, Milton, Marlow

          Began English colonies overseas

          Defeated Spanish Armada and improved English navy

Stuart Line

James I      1603-1625

          Ruled as Absolute Divine Right Monarch

          Founded Jamestown colony

          Argued with Parliament over power of the purse to tax

Commissioned King James Bible

Charles I      1625-1649

          Absolute Monarch

          Argued with Parliament

          Started English Civil war

          Convicted as Traitor to the people and killed

Republican Interregnum

The Commonwealth and The Protectorate     1649-1553

Oliver Cromwell    1653-1658

          Leader of English New Model Army

          Ruled England

          Fought for Constitutional powers not selfish leadership

Richard Cromwell 1658-1660

          Quickly abdicated rule

Restored Stuart Line

Charles II     1660-1685

          Returned from France to rule

          English king made treaty with the Dutch

          Never had enough money; France helped support

          Tolerant of religions in England

James II       1685-1688

          Disapproved of Test Act passed while he was King to keep Catholics out of power in England

          Catholic Wife has a male son

          Forced to flee to France

William III Mary II 1689-1702

          Moved to England from Netherlands

          Sign English Bill of Rights

          Finalize English Constitutional Monarchy

          Glorious Revolution

Anne           1702-1714

          Last of Stuart line

          No surviving children

          Act of Union forms Great Britain in 1707

          Treaty of Utrecht gives England Newfoundland and most French Caribbean Islands,

Hanoverian Line

George I      1714-1727

          German king of England

          First Prime Minister Robert Walpole under him since he can’t speak English

 

France

Valois Line

•Louis XI 1461-1483

•Founded France and brought feudal lands together into united Kingdom

•Charles VIII 1483-1498

•Invaded Florence and Northern Italy

•Francis I 1515-1547

•Invaded Rome and Italy;

•brought Renaissance back to France

•Hired Leonardo to work in France

•Henry II 1547-1559

•Married Catherine Medici

•Killed in jousting incident

•Henry III 1574-1589

•Fought in War of 3 Henry’s

•Tried to kill Henry of Navarre in Massacre of St. Bartholomew

•Largely controlled by his mother Catherine Medici

 

Bourbon Line

•Henry IV 1589-1610

•Winner of War of 3 henry’s

•Edict of Nantes

•1st absolutist ruler of France

•Paris is worth a Mass

•Duke of Sully is minister

•Louis XIII 1610-1643

•Rules with Richelieu

•Enters 30 Years War

•Louis XIV 1643-1715

the Fronde during his reign

most powerful absolutist monarch to rule in Europe

Sun King

Built Versailles

Fought many wars and didn’t win any

HUGE supporter of Baroque arts; ballet, opera, visual arts made France great

•Louis XV 1715-1774

•Over spent on wars

•Lost wars he was in

•Shifted alliance to the Austrian Hapsburgs

•Louis XVI 1774-1792

•Killed in French Revolution

•Indecisive

•Married to Marie Antoinette

•Called estates General for first time in 175 years

Spain

Habsburg Line

Ferdinand and Isabella 1469-1516

          Marriage united Spain

          Funded Columbus

Charles I               1516-1556

          Strengthened Spain

          Lots of gold and silver from South American colonies

          Inflation spikes and ruins Spanish economy

Philip II 1556-1598

          Wants to re-Catholicise all of Europe

          War with France, Netherlands and England

          Sinking of Spanish Armada destroys Spanish power

          Inflation goes crazy

          Builds new palace called Escorial shaped something like a tortore rack

Charles II 1665-1700

          ends Hapsburg rule in Spain

          death begins War for Spanish Succession

 

DO NOT NEED TO KNOW ANY BELOW HERE FOR THE QUIZ ON FRIDAY

 

 

Prussia (and Germany)

Fredrick William 1640-1688

Fredrick III 1688-1713

Kings of Prussia

•Fredrick I 1701-1713

•Fredrick William I 1713-1740

•Fredrick II 1740-1786

•Fredrick William II 1786-1797

 



Russia (and U.S.S.R.)

                Grand Dukes of Moscow

•Ivan III 1762-1505

•Basil III 1505-1533

•Ivan IV 1533-1584

 

Ivan III 1762-1505

Basil III 1505-1533

Ivan IV 1533-1584

Tsars of Russia

•Ivan IV 1547-1584

•Theodore I 1584-1598

•Boris Godunov 1598-1605

Ivan IV 1547-1584

Theodore I 1584-1598

Boris Godunov 1598-1605

Times of Trouble

•1604-1613

Romanov Line

•Michael 1613-1645

•Alexis 1645-1676

•Theodore II 1676-1682

•Ivan V and Peter I 1682-1689

•Peter I 1689-1725

•Catherine I 1725-1727

•Peter II 1727-1730

•Anna 1730-1740

•Ivan VI 1740-1741

•Elizabeth 1741-1762

•Peter III 1762

•Catherine II 1762-1796

•Paul 1796-1801

•Alexander I 1801-1825

Michael 1613-1645

Alexis 1645-1676

Feodor III 1676-1682

Ivan V and Peter I

Peter I 1689-1725

Catherine I 1725-1727

Peter II 1727-1730

Anna 1730-1740

Ivan VI 1740-1741