| Baroque | Sensous art indicative of the Counter Reformation |
| Brethren of Common Life | Pious laypeople of Holland who initiated a religious revival |
| Charles V | Universal Monarch" |
| John Calvin | French theologian who established a theocracy in Geneva |
| John Knox | Calvinist leader in Scotland |
| Thomas More | Chancellor of England; wrote Utopia; beheaded by Henry VIII |
| Peace of Augsburg | Recognized Lutheranism as a legal religion |
| Simony | Selling of church offices |
| Pluralism | Holding more than one church office |
| Theocracy | Where the state is subordinate to the church |
| . Usury | Lending money for interest |
| Jesuits | Society of Jesus; resisted Protestantism |
| Indulgences | Papal pardon for sins |
| The Index | A list of prohibited books |
| Martin Luther | Wrote the 95 Thesis |
| Council of Trent | Tried to reform the abuses of the Catholic Church |
| Act of Supremacy | Declared the king supreme head of the Church of England |
| Consubstantiation | Bread and wine undergo a spiritual change |
| Edict of Nantes | Granted Huguenots religious freedom |
| Excommunication | Expelling a person from the church |
| Huguenots | French Calvinists |
| Ignatius Loyola | Founded the Society of Jesus |
| Johann Tetzel | Leading seller of indulgences |
| Ursuline | Order of nuns dedicated to teaching young girls |
| . Lutheranism | Religion of Scandinavia |
| Anne Boleyn | Henry VIII's second wife |
| . Catherine of Aragon | Henry VIII's first wife |
| . Act of Submission of the Clergy | Required the Clergy to submit to the king of England |
| Act in Restraint of Appeals | Declared the king supreme sovereign of England |
| Ulrich Zwingli | Radical religious leader in Zurich |