Baby Steps for Federal Government
I. Overthrow in 1790
1790- about 4 million people- population doubles every 25 years
90% lived on farms
New states
Hugely in debt- mainly from war
States are left on their own to pay their own debts
II George Washington
First president (1788-1796)
Ran against no one
He’s a Federalist
He created the first cabinet
War
State- Jefferson
Treasury- Hamilton
Attorney General
· departments
only president to lead troops into battle
Whiskey Rebellion-1794
Farmers
near the
Gov’t wants to place a tax on whiskey for money
Farmers rose up against gov’t and against tax
2 results:
Government has right to tax
Government has right to use force
George Washington retires after two terms; this created the limit of how long a
president can last
III Philosophical Dual
Hamilton
(Republican)
Federalists democratic-republicans
Rich states rights
Strong central gov’t pro French
Distrust of masses
Pro-English
IV Foreign Affairs
Trying to
strike a balance between
1784- French Revolution
Good for Jeffersonians
Became radical- 1792 “Reign of Terror”
XYZ Affair
3 French ministers asked for bribes just to talk to them
V
Federalist Candidate- 1796
Under original constitution whoever doesn’t win become vp
1798- alien acts
- went against first amendment
Age of
I. THE MAN & THE PRESIDENCY
- 3rd president from 1800 to 1808
- election of 1800 was a “revolution” a display of the exchange of powers between partners peacefully
-
-believes in moral power
- he was very common- not prestige
- he was like two
II. JOHN MARSHAL
- appointed as supreme court justice by John Adams
- Sewed from 1800-1834
- Most important legal person ever
-
1803- Marbury vs.
> judicial review: Marshal gave the supreme court the power, the judge, and the continuity of the law
III. FOREIGN AFFAIRS
A. France
- French Revolution increasingly get bloodier
- Napoleon:
war genius, conquering most of
> Somewhat like Hitler
-Napoleon conquers spawn, taking him to Louisiana & New Orleans
>
>
>
Napoleon offers all of
>
> opens Pacific North West
B.
As Napoleon becomes more powerful, conflict between
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Growth of Nationalism
I. WAR OF 1812
- out growth of Napoleon’s wars in
- We are involved for “Freedom of the Seas”
- Both
-
-
-
- 3 important events during the war:
1.
The
2.
3. We got 2 presidents who fought during the war
- Treaty of
-
- Left over federalists try
to succeed from the
II. ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS
- 3 young senators that came to have much power:
A. Daniel Webster (
B. John Calhoun (S.C.)
C. Henry Clay (KY)
- Henry Clay proposed:
A.
Bank of
B. Taxes on important goods
III.
- people are moving Westward
-
1820,
-
There was and even number of
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Missouri Compromise says that states must join one
slave state & one
IV. FOREIGN AFFAIRS
- Rush-Bagot treaty of 1817
>No navy on the great lakes
between
- Treaty of 1818
>Established the border of
-
>
gets
-
> James Monroe President from 1816-1824
>
Doctrine says that no European powers can colonize in
Age of
- People begin to flood to the West
- North, South & West tend to compete politically
- Sectionalism:
> 3 sections
> Competition
> Win 2, win the election
- President must relate to people
- Regular people become politicians
> Daniel Boone becomes congressmen
- 1824: 25% of the people voted
- 1840: 78% of the people voted
> Politics became more popular
II. ELECTION OF 1824
- 4 major candidates ran
>
> J.Q. Adams
> Clay
> Crawford
- All
basically came from
-
- Decisions decided by the house of Reps.:
>
“Corrupt Bargain” Adams & Clay make a deal to have Clay’s people in the
house vote for
-Johnson vows revenge
- J.Q. Adams is not popular; and only serves one term
- Treaty of Abandonment
> 37% tax on all imported goods
- liked in North; hated in South
III. Democratic Party
- appeal to the common man
- one goal in 1827 is to get Andrew Jackson elected
- start rallies (BBQ’s) to gain votes
-works-
- 647,000
p. 178 e. (
- 509,000
p. 83 e. (
- Birth of a 2nd party (Whigs)
IV. Jackson’s 1st term
-
Nicknamed “Old
- “Sports system”- sports of war
-used to fire Adam’s employees and reward
people
- “Kitchen Cabinet”
-Small group of 10-12 advisors with no real political sense
- True leaders without official positions
- “Peggy Eaton Affair”- 1831
-
-Peggy was wife of Secretary of War
-Peggy wasn’t popular- no one liked her
-President orders people to play with Peggy
- Vice President’s wife, Mrs. Calhoun, disobeyed orders
-
- creates separation
-Calhoun loses chance of becoming president
- Van Buren replaces him
-Indirectly causes Civil War- supposedly
1830’s Politics
I.
Powerful Politicians:
*Calhoun
*Webster
*Clay
A.
- if a state doesn’t like a law they don’t have to enforce it
- Calhoun
goes to
- calls to arm S.C. militia
- Andrew Jackson’s prepares U.S> forces to fight S.C. Militia
-Clay à Compromise tariff- 1833
-over many years the tariff will fade away
- Congress passes the Forced Bill
-states that congress can pass these laws but want
- much like Declaratory
B. Election of 1832
-
- gets second term
- Westerners don’t like the U.S. Bank
-
-
- Wildcat banks (private banks)
-issue paper currency
-leads to inflation
-“species circular”
- Federal law against wildcat currency
- Federals want gold and silver
- Panic of 1827 depression
- Indian
Removal Act- 1830-
-Any
Indians east of
-Cherokee try to emulate white system
-education, law, constitution, language
-apply for statehood: Cherokee Nation
- Supreme Court- John Marshal gives them statehood
-
-leads to trail of teats 1838
- 18,000 left only 14,000 made it
II. Texas
-1823
-Was
-Americans must separate from American and convert to Catholicism
-1836
- Fight between
-
-
for nine years
IV. Van Buren Presidency- 1836-40
- little short “Federalist” President
- nearly as soon as he’s elected the panic of 1837 occurs
- 1840 Buren runs against William H. Harrison- Whig Party
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William H. Harrison develops the political slogan- “
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- died 20 days later
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