The Gilded Age
I.
A. Ben Harrison 1888-1892
1. Thomas Reed speaker of the house
Powerful, manipulative
2. Tarufs to protect industry
Republicans are pro-Tarufs
Democrats are anti-Tarufs
B. Gold vs. Silver
Republicans are gold
“Gold tugs” want money to stay with value of gold
Democrats like silver
II. The People’s Party
A. Population: the poor people out number the rich people- the idea that the poor should come together against the rich
B. The Grange-1867
An organization of farmers attempt to right the wrongs of the gilded age
Rail roads
Strongest in:
Wrote laws to fix their problems (Granger laws)
Poorly written laws were often appealed
C. Green Back Labor
Want paper money in the place of gold
D. Populas Party
All the other groups try to unite under this party
1892 populas party runs a candidate wherever
They wanted to solve:
A granulated income tax
The government to won mail roads, phones, ect.
A 8 hour work day
Gets lots of voters from farm states
III. Governments Revenge
A. Panic of
1893-after
Over production of industrial products
Coxey’s army
IV. Election of 1896
A. Republicans run McKinley for president
McKinley is big business- supported by Mark Hanna
B. Democrats run William Jennings Bryan
Great speaker
Populist
C. Bryan Loses
McKinley-271
D. Important because:
Farmer are no longer a political force
Representatives control White House for 16 years
African Americans are in trouble
V. The Wizard of Oz
Written by Al Frank Down
Based on politics
Dorothy= the American people
Yellow
She actually had silver slippers
Scarecrow= farmers which are dumb
Tin man= industrial laborers have no heart
Lion=
William
Wizard= McKinley/ Mark Hannah
Witch= destruction
Imperial
I. Causes of Imperialism
A. The idea of taking armies and conquering other people’s land and enslaving them.
- 1890 we decide to join in on imperialism:
- because we could
- We had industry/metal ships
- TNT – Alfred Nobel
- We have the weapons.
-
-
-
-
* We felt kind of left out and worried that
- End of the Frontier
- We fully conquered all of our own land – Manifest destiny was completed.
- We wanted to _____ everyone
- Wanted to make them Christian
- ____ “little brown brother”
- Economics
- Many powerful business/republicans wanted to conquer lands and force them to buy our products – much like mercantilism.
II. Imperators
- Imperialism – Granted Generals to control armies.
- Alfred Mohan – “Influence of ___ ___ on History” 1890 thesis – never had a nation projected great power without a powerful navy.
- Consequences
- Need fueling stations out in middle of oceans
- Take over/own islands
-
Built panama canal to make it easier to top naval ships
from
- Teddy Roosevelt – Rep. Secretary of Navy
- Henry Cabot Lodge – Republicans
- Albert Beveridge
- _____ and Hearst
- Hearst – “yellow journalism” – fake journalism.
- All for war
III. Hawaii
- Settled by Ancient Hawaiians
- Discovered by Asians
- Americans look at it like a future ____ west coast
- Settled by white “plantation owners”
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- McKinley Tarrif
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Hawaiian sugar/ fruit growers – Dole have to pay
tariffs to import stuff to
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-
IV. Cuba
-
We wanted
-
- Governor ______ ______
- Due to Hearst (yellow journalism) he becomes “Butcher” Weyler
-
Things get rough in
- 1898 we send a big ass ship – USS Maine to take control
V. Spanish American War
- Feb. 15 1898
- USS Maine is blown up and sinks – 271 people died
- We blamed
- McKinley asks to declare war with
- We go to war
- Teller Amendment
- a declaration to
the world that we’re not going to war to gain
- We beat their ass in 1 year.
- a picture was
taken of him on
- Admiral Davey goes to
- comes across some Spanish ships – sinks them all
- 400 Spaniards died and 1 American died of heat stroke.
- treaty of
- American rules
Guam, Puerto Rico, and
Empire or Republic
I. Aftermath
- _____ - leader of Filipinos
- Protectorate – a country deemed too weak to govern itself
- 7 million people in
the
- We have a war with them and lose 4,300
- First war with motion picture cameras
- We capture _____ in 1891
*
II. Domestic Backlash
- Democrats for the anti-imperialistic league
- Election of Rep. McKinley
- Dem. Bryan (again)
- McKinley has “front porch” campaign – sent out Teddy Roosevelt to campaign for him
- McKinley wins
- A series of cases tried in Supreme court called ____ Cases
- Do Filipinos now have the same constitutional rights.
III. Open Door
- secretary of state
-
comes up with open door policy in
-
allowed free trade with
- Bexar Rebellion
- Crazy Chinese who killed a lot of English/American missionaries
-
American,
IV. Teddy Rev
-Imperialist
-aggressive ____ pres.
- First pres to ever leave the country
- Became pres. McKinley was shot in 1901 making him the youngest pres – 42.
Foreign Policy
-
- We ask to
purchase this land from
- They said no, so we stole it
- Canal is completed in 1914
- doubled the power of our Navy
-
We, the
- Also known as the “big __” policy
- Russo – Japanese war 1904-05
-
Little scuff over the islands off the coast of
-
-
Both
- He then gets the Nobel peace prize
-
Neither
Progressivism Chapter 31
I. Roots
A. “The Third Great Awakening” 1900-1920
-not quite as religious
-a push to make life better – progress
- not a political movement – cuts across both partners
- starts with
B. Populism
- starts mainly with farmers
- Populism: democrats as ____ ___: Rep.
- Greenbacks – control of railroad
* _____ - early progressive republicans
II. Issues
A. education
1870-1920 – college enrollment increases by 400%
- different departments in college are created.
- economic sociological, etc.
- the # of 17 year olds graduating from high school increases by 25%
B. The list
- wanted to break the power of big business
- Limit the power of political machines
- improve the condition of the working poor
- 8 hour days, less children, etc.
*Socialism is now coming around
- Eugene Debs ran for president socialist 1900,04,08
-temperance – want to ban alcohol – 1919
- conservation of natural resources
- women suffrage – 1920
- wanted income taxes
III. Leaders
A. _________
- Name given to a
group of journalists by
- find out the worst of things
- Upton Sinclair – “The Jungle” 1906
- Investigative book on meat packing
- there were no reputations on meat packing
- Frank Norris – “ The Octopus” 1901
- Jane Adams – rescue missions in big cities
- NAACP
- Robert La Follete
- “
- an attempt to make gov’t make the peoples life better
- first state income tax
- first election of state senators
- the secret ballot
- Initiative and recall process
- if people want to pass a low, the people can write petitions
IV. Teddy at home
A. Square deal
- his legislative programs make sure the people are “dealt a fair hand”
* the 3 C’s
1. control of Corporations
- labor coal miner
-
- He becomes known as “Trust Buster”
2. Consumer ______
- passes the meat inspector act – 1906
- Pure food and drug act
3. Conservation
* Teddy’s a big hunter
- Set aside 120 million acres of land to be preserved
- “Wise use” – use it but conserve it
V. Taft Presidency
-1904 when Teddy won the election he said that he wouldn’t run for re-election.
- Howard Taft – Teddy’s predecessor
He wins the 1908 election largely because of Teddy
Taft has no charisma
Ironically Taft is more “progressive”
- Payne Aldrich Tariff – 1909
- This makes republicans feel betrayed
I Election of 1912
- Taft as pres.
-Teddy comes back to challenge Taft for Pres.
- Teddy declares his own party – Progressive Party
- “Bull Moose Party”
- Democrats nominate Woodrow Wilson for pres.
- Socialists nominate ___
Final score
- Taft – 8 electoral votes
- Teddy – 18 electoral votes
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- Debs – 0
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II. Woodrow Wilson
- was a professor
-
then head of
- Then governor
- New pres.
-
He was born in
- First southern man to become pres since 1860
- He thought to highly of himself/ speaking absolutely
- He said he was going to fight against the ____ wall of privilege.
- Tariffs, trusts, banks
- Passes Underwoods Tariff Act of 1913
- Went from 40% to 29%
- Federal Reserve Act- 1913
o Sets interest
- Federal trade commission 1914
o Moderators business from becoming monopolies
o