Traditions and Encounters
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Chapter 1
7. The
most significant defining characteristic of the paleolithic era was that
A) human beings used
stone and bone tools in their cultivation of crops.
B) peoples relied on
hunting and gathering for subsistence.
C) men and women engaged
in the same economic activities.
D) people domesticated
animals.
E) none of the above.
13. The term neolithic era refers to
A) the early stages of a
cultivating society.
B) the agricultural
transition.
C) the era in which the
peoples began to use polished stone tools.
D) the era in which
people began to live permanently in villages.
E) all of the above.
14 By about 5000 B.C.E.,
agriculture had displaced hunting and gathering societies in several regions of
the world primarily because
A) cultivation required
much less work than hunting and gathering.
B) cultivation provided
a relatively stable and regular supply of food.
C) human beings had
mastered agricultural knowledge and technique.
D) agriculture led to a
more varied diet.
E) none of the above.
15 All of the following social
changes were brought about by agriculture except
A) population growth.
B) the emergence of
villages and towns.
C) the invention of
writing.
D) the specialization of
labor.
E) the emergence of
social classes.
20 Cities first emerged from
agricultural villages and towns in
A) the valleys of the Tigris
and
B)
C) China.
D)
E)
Chapter 2
1. Gilgamesh was
A) a king of the
city-state of Uruk.
B) a hero in a popular
Mesopotamian epic.
C) a warrior in conflict
with the city of
D) a legendary loyal
friend of Enkidu.
E) all of the above
7 Which of the following was
the latest invention?
A) bronze metallurgy.
B) the wheel.
C) ships.
D) iron metallurgy.
E) the chariot.
8. Which of the following is
true of the social classes of ancient
A) People became kings by winning battles.
B) The nobility were continually fighting with
the kings for power.
C) Priests and priestesses were powerful rulers
over temple communities.
D) There was no slavery.
E) all of the above.
13. The religious beliefs of
the Israelites after Moses included
A) the worship of
Mesopotamian gods.
B) monotheism.
C) the worship of Allah.
D) the building of
ziggurats.
E) none of the above.
15. The Phoenicians
A) were prosperous based
on their sea trade and commercial networks.
B) built a large empire
through conquest.
C) were an Indo-European
people.
D) first settled in the
E) all of the above.
19 The key element in the
expansion of the Indo-Europeans from their homeland was
A) iron weapons.
B) monotheism.
C) trade.
D) horses.
E) writing.
Chapter 3
1. The Greek historian
Herodotus proclaimed
A) the process of
desiccation forced paleolithic
human groups to migrate from the Sahara to the valley of the
B) the Egyptians
depended on the
C) the reliable rhythm
of the
D) Egyptian myth had their people emerging out of
the river.
E) all of the above.
3. Which of the following is
true of the
A) By worldwide standards it is a relatively
short river.
B) It is unusual in that it is navigable
throughout its length.
C) It used to flood very predictably.
D) It flows from north to south.
5. Unification of Egyptian
rule came about through the conqueror
A) Menes.
B) Hatshepsut.
C) Ta-Seti.
D) Khufu.
E) none of the above.
Chapter 4
3. In the sites of Harappa and
A) the Harappan state was very
oppressive, forcing different racial groups to adopt the same standards.
B) there might have been
a central authority powerful enough to reach all corners of society.
C) there was a high degree
of commercialization in the economy.
D) these cultures
actually migrated from
8. The Indo-Europeans who
migrated to the Indian subcontinent
A) were primarily
herders.
B) utilized horses for
transportation.
C) judged wealth by the
number of cattle.
D) called themselves
Aryans.
E) all of the above.
9. The period of Indian
history from 1500 to 500 B.C.E. is called the Vedic Age. It is so called
because
A) this was how the
Aryans referred to this period.
B) the four earliest
religious texts were compiled in this period.
C) this was the period
in which the Indians were particularly religious.
D) the major god was
Vedas.
11. The Indian caste system
A) was a central
institution that served to promote social stability.
B) was incapable of accommodating social changes.
C) was actually not much
of a restriction on the upward mobility of individuals.
D) did not persist
beyond the Vedic age.
E) none of the
above.
17. According to the
Upanishads,
A) each person is part
of a larger cosmic order..
B) the highest goal of
the individual is to escape the cycle of birth and rebirth.
C) individuals who live
virtuous lives and do their duty can expect rebirth into a purer form.
D) ascetism and meditation are vehicles for
escaping the cycle of birth and rebirth.
20. Believers in the
Upanishads
A) often are
vegetarians.
B) believe you should
respect all living things, even animals and insects.
C) believe that animals
might be holding incarnations of unfortunate souls.
D) humans should have
compassion for the suffering of the souls in animals.
E) all of the above.
Chapter 5
1. By exalting the legendary
sage kings (
A) hunting and
gathering.
B) military aggression
and masculinity.
C) social harmony,
selflessness, hard work.
D) matriarchy and the
home.
E) none of the above.
2. The Yellow River earned its
nickname "
A) it was a turbulent
river.
B) its frequent floods
were very destructive to agricultural society.
C) it carried a heavy
load of loess.
D) it was a common place
for people to commit suicide.
E) none of the above.
7. According to Zhou political
theory, the Zhou king overthrew the Shang
dynasty because
A) the Shang lost the mandate of heaven.
B) the subjects of Shang shifted their loyalty to
Zhou.
C) the last Shang king was a criminal fool.
D) the Zhou was a much
larger state than the Shang.
8. The Chinese king was called
the "son of heaven" and served as
A) a ruler who could not
be challenged.
B) a link between heaven
and earth.
C) a divine king.
D) the living son of the
first emperor.
E) none of the above.
11. All of the following were
social classes of Xia, Shang, and Zhou, except
A) hereditary
aristocrats.
B) scholars and
bureaucrats.
C) craftsmen and
merchants.
D) peasants and slaves.
E) priests and monks.
12. The tradition of venerating
ancestors was firmly established during the Xia, Shang,
and Zhou dynasties. According to this tradition,
A) one must treat the
ancestors as gods or deities.
B) one worshipped the
departed ancestors for protection and good fortune.
C) one only venerated
those ancestors who performed good deeds for the family.
D) one worshipped the
emperor as the incarnation of one's ancestors.
E) all of the above.
15. During the early
dynasties, Chinese diviners used oracle bones
A) as objects of art.
B) as drugs to cure
people's diseases.
C) to record manuals of
etiquette.
D) to predict the future
and answer questions.
E) none of the above.
18. The nomadic peoples to the
north and west of
A) they did not speak
Chinese.
B) the grassy steppe
lands were not suitable for agriculture or permanent settlement.
C) the Chinese were
their enemies.
D) they had little
exposure to the Chinese society.
Chapter 7
1. The Medes and the Persians
were
A) Sumerians who migrated from Mesopotamia to
B) Babylonians who migrated from Mesopotamia to
C) Indo-Europeans who migrated from Anatolia to
D) Indo-Europeans who migrated from central Asia
to
E) none of the
above
6. The Persian Royal Road
stretched some 2,575 kilometers (1,600 miles) from
A) six months for caravans.
B) ninety days for caravans.
C) two weeks for
D) one month for imperial couriers.
E) one year for merchants.
7. The Persian Wars (500--479
B.C.E.) referred to
A) the rebellions of
Mesopotamia and
B) the rebellions of the
Greek city-states, fighting for their independence.
C) the wars between
Alexander of Macedon and the Achaemenid
empire.
D) the series of civil
wars that occurred within the Achaemenid
empire.
E) none of the above.
8. Alexander's invasion of the
Achaemenid empire met with great success because
A) his army outnumbered
the Persian army.
B) he proclaimed himself
the heir to the Achaemenid
rulers.
C) his army was well
disciplined, was well armed, and used sophisticated tactics.
D) he was popular with
the people of the empire.
E) all of the above.
15. The economic foundation of
classical Persian society was
A) long-distance trade.
B) herding domestic
animals.
C) manufactured goods.
D) slavery.
E) agriculture.
16. The growth of trade was
promoted by
A) linking the lands
from
B) standardizing
coinage.
C) cities establishing
banks to facilitate commercial activities.
D) relative political
stability.
E) all of the above.
17. Zarathustra was
A) an emperor.
B) a prophet.
C) a magi.
D) a monotheist.
E) none of the above.
Chapter 8
1. Confucius left an enduring
mark on Chinese society as
A) an educator and
political advisor.
B) a man involved in the
practice of statecraft as an ambitious official.
C) a great traveler and
writer of deep philosophical treatises.
D) a powerful and wise
emperor.
E) none of the above.
6. The concept dao means
A) natural laws such as
those defined by modern physics.
B) the original force of
the cosmos, an eternal and unchanging principle that
governs all the workings of the world.
C) passive and yielding
forces that exist only in water and empty spaces.
D) living according to ren, li, and xia.
E) all of the above.
7. An individual who practiced
the Daoist virtue of wuwei would
A) motivate himself or
herself to change the world.
B) follow high ethical
standards and strive for success.
C) try to govern the
state according to benevolent paternalism.
D) go with the flow of
the cosmos and live in harmony with nature.
E) all of the above.
8. Individuals in traditional
A) the difference
between Confucianism and Daoism was as clear-cut as day and
night.
B) Confucianism and Daoism were not mutually
exclusive but, in many people's
eyes, complemented each other.
C) the Chinese, like
other peoples, were active in daytime and became passive at
night.
D) Daoism was associated with darkness and evil
and Confucianism with light and
good.
E) People often pretended to be Confucians to
others but were secretly practicing
Daoism.
9. To make a strong and
powerful state, Legalist ministers
A) encouraged commerce,
entrepreneurial activity, and education.
B) won the people's
support by providing them with legal rights.
C) sought to rule
according to principles of benevolence.
D) encouraged
agricultural cultivation and military service.
E) all of the above.
10. The First Emperor Qin Shihuangdi
A) ordered the burning
of most books.
B) ordered workers to
link defensive walls into one barrier.
C) sentenced scholars to
be buried alive.
D) standardized the written
script.
E) all of the above.
11. The excavation site of the
First Emperor's tomb nearby
A) a great terra-cotta
army of Qin soldiers and
cavalry.
B) sacrificed slaves,
concubines, and craftsmen who designed and built the tomb.
C) a map of the
emperor's realm on the ceiling.
D) an underground palace
lined with bronze.
E) all of the above.
12. The
great Qin empire only lasted a few years. It was ended by
A) a military coup.
B) waves of revolts.
C) deadly epidemics.
D) violence of court
factions.
E) invasions by nomadic
people.
14. Han Wudi, the greatest and most energetic emperor of the
Han dynasty, was remembered by later generations
A) as the "First Emperor."
B) as the "Martial
Emperor."
C) as a "socialist
emperor."
D) for his successful
conquest of central
E) none of the above.
15. In preparing governmental
officials, the imperial university of the Later Han enrolled more than three
thousand students, with its curriculum primarily based on
A) the statecraft
policies of Legalism.
B) political science and
the study of law.
C) Daoism.
D) Confucianism.
E) none of the above.
18. After 100 C.E. most
Chinese writing was on
A) bamboo strips.
B) silk.
C) paper.
D) papyrus.
E) parchment.
Chapter 9
2. In contrast to
A) was isolated from the outside world by
formidable geographical barriers.
B) did not have
well-developed religions.
C) lacked a strong and
continuing imperial tradition.
D) was a backward
country in terms of economy and culture.
E) all of the above.
3. The invasions of Darius and
Alexander played an important role in Indian politics and history because
A) the conquests brought
B) foreign religions
began to take root in Indian society.
C) the Greeks dominated
Indian history for centuries.
D) the intrusions
destroyed many petty kingdoms and created a political vacuum.
E) all of the above.
4. The man who founded the
first Indian empire was
A)
Chandragupta Maurya
B) Chandra Gupta
C) Ashoka Maurya
D) Alexander of Macedon
E) Siddhartha Gautama
5. Ashoka, the great emperor of the Mauryan empire,
A) was the only emperor
who extended
B) wrote a handbook on
the principles of government
C) converted to Buddhism
after his bloody war against Kalinga.
D) abdicated his throne
and led a life so ascetic that he starved himself to death.
E) none of the above
6. Which of the following
caused the Maurya empire to decline and collapse?
A) financial
difficulties caused by maintaining the army and bureaucracy.
B) peasant rebellions
and factional violence among members of the imperial court.
C) foreign invasion by
White Huns.
D) too many converts to
Jainism refused to fight wars.
E) all of the above.
8. Compared with the Mauryan empire,
the Gupta empire was
A) smaller in size.
B) less powerful and
stable.
C) less centralized.
D) longer-lived.
E) all of the above.
10. Which of the following is
true with respect to marriage in classical
A) Child marriage was common.
B) Intercaste
marriage was forbidden by law.
C) An ideal wife was weak-willed, faithful, and
loyal to her husband.
D) Sita
was the model of the ideal wife.
E) All of the above.
14. According to legend,
Siddhartha Gautama, the
first Buddha, abandoned his family and comfortable life to lead the existence
of a holy man because of his concern with
A) suffering.
B) the souls of
everything in the universe.
C) social responsibility
associated with his caste.
D) his guilt over his
behavior in battle.
E) his children.
15. The religious goal of
early Buddhism was
A) "Turning of the Wheel of the Law."
B) the Four Noble
Truths.
C) the Noble Eightfold
path.
D) nirvana.
E) reincarnation..
17. Which of the following
statements do not apply to Ashoka's
support of Buddhism?
A) He banned animal sacrifices and hunting.
B) He became a vegetarian.
C) He built monasteries and stupas and made pilgrimages to Buddhist holy sites.
D) He sent Buddhist missionaries to foreign
countries.
E) He abdicated his throne, abandoned his
imperial family, lived in a Buddhist
monastery, and finally attained nirvana.
20. Which of the following is
not true with regard to Hinduism?
A) It restricted sexual activities.
B) It became the most popular religion of
classical
C) It did not have a single founder like
Siddhartha Gautama for
Buddhism.
D) It supported the caste system.
E) It included a belief in reincarnation.
Chapter 10
2. Which of the following is
true with regard to Minoan and Mycenaean societies?
A) Both societies used Linear A.
B) Both societies built palaces.
C) Both societies were established by
Indo-European immigrants.
D) Both societies fought in the Trojan War.
E) Both were centered on
4. Which of the following was
part of Spartan life?
A) Boys were taken away from their mothers for
military training.
B) Young married women did not live with their
husbands.
C) The helots were unfree servants of the Spartan state.
D) Vigorous physical exercise for girls was
encouraged, in hopes that they would
bear strong children.
E) All of the above.
5. Which of the following was
an Athenian political leader?
A) Sophocles
B) Sappho
C) Pericles
D) Homer
E) Darius
6. How democratic was the
Athenian democracy? Choose the best description.
A) Citizenship was open to all residents.
B) Slavery was abolished through Solon's reform.
C) All citizens were qualified to join the city
councils.
D) Men and women could hold political office.
E) None of the above.
7. Between the mid-eighth and
the late sixth centuries B.C.E., the Greeks founded more than four hundred
colonies along the shores of the Mediterranean and the
A) population pressure.
B) an abundance of
agricultural land in
C) earthquakes and
volcanic eruptions on the Greek peninsula.
D) a sense of pride
associated with military conquests of other peoples.
E) fleeing from the
Persians.
8. Which of the following was
not a consequence of Greek colonization?
A) It quickened the social development of the
peoples living in the western Mediterranean and
B) It led to direct conflict between the Greeks
and the Persians.
C) It made Greeks weak and isolated from one
another.
D) It disrupted trade and commerce.
E) It led to the gradual decline in the economy
of the
10. The Peloponnesian War was
fought between
A) two groups of Greek
adversaries under the leadership of
B)
C) Anatolian Greeks and peninsular Greeks.
D) the Persian Empire
and
E) none of the above.
11. The freedom and
independence of the Greek poleis finally fell under
A) Xerxes by 480 B.C.E.
B) Pericles
by 429 B.C.E.
C) Philip II by 338 B.C.E.
D) Alexander by 336 B.C.E.
E) Plato by 400 B.C.E.
12. By 327 B.C.E. Alexander's
troops refused to go any further from home after they reached
A)
Egypt.
B) Bactria.
C) China.
D) Mesopotamia.
E)
13. Which of the following is
not true with regard to Alexandria of Egypt?
A) It had one of the largest libraries in the
ancient world.
B) It was the commercial center of the
C) It was the cultural capital of the Hellenistic
world.
D) It was originally a colony of
E) It was the administrative center of the
Ptolemaic empire.
14. The Greek peninsula was
A) known for its fertile
valleys and copious rainfall.
B) especially good for
travel and communication.
C) ideal for cultivating
olives and grapes.
D) the homeland of
Alexander.
E) all of the above.
Chapter 11
4. The Roman republic was
dominated by
A) patricians.
B) plebeians.
C) democratic leaders.
D) merchants.
E) priests.
5. Which of the following was
not done by the Romans after they defeated the Carthaginians in the Punic Wars?
A) They spread salt on Carthaginian lands.
B) They forced many survivors into slavery.
C) They confiscated Carthaginian possessions in north Africa and
D) They exempted Carthaginians from taxation.
E) They used Carthaginian resources to finance
future expansion.
8. Which of the following was
done by Caesar after he seized power in 49 B.C.E.?
A) He started large-scale building projects.
B) He centralized the military under his control.
C) He named himself dictator for life.
D) He distributed property to the veterans of his
armies.
E) All of the above.
11. By Roman law,
A) a defendant was
assumed innocent until proven guilty.
B) defendants had a
right to challenge their accusers before a judge.
C) the judge enjoyed
great discretion in applying laws.
D) judges could set
aside laws.
E) all of the above.
12. Which of the following
were not attractions of the city of
A) public baths,
swimming pools, gymnasia.
B) the Pantheon's dome.
C) statues, monumental
arches, temples, aqueducts.
D) public beaches on the
E) chariot races in the
Circus Maximus.
13. Which of the following is
true of the Roman family?
A) It meant an entire household, including
slaves, servants, and relatives.
B) It included the pater familias,
who was the authority.
C) Women supervised the domestic affairs.
D) Children could be sold into slavery.
E) All of the above.
20. The remarkable growth of
early Christianity reflected the new faith's appeal particularly to
A) Roman emperors.
B) high-ranking
officials and the wealthy elite.
C) Roman soldiers and military officers.
D) the lower classes,
urban populations, and women.