Early Modern Period

1450-1750

 

 

 

 

 

Take-Home Exam

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Honor Code

 

 

I understand that this is an independent assignment and that I can not receive any assistance from any other person.  I will conduct all of my own research and will answer the questions to the best of my ability.

 

 

_________________________________    ___________    ________________________________

 

       Student Name                                    Date                            Student Signature     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I understand that this was an independent assignment.  I can honestly state that I did not receive any assistance from any other person.  Each response is representative of my own knowledge and research.

 

 

_________________________________    ___________    ________________________________

 

       Student Name                                    Date                            Student Signature     

 


 

1. Which of the following was not a change that occurred at the end of the Postclassical Era?

 

a) new invasions by Mongols

b) Chinese flirted with African trade, but then Ming bureaucrats forced the pulling back

c) Europe entered the age of exploration

d) Japan shut itself off from Europe

e) independent American societies – Inca and Aztec – begin falling apart

 

2. Which of the following was not a reason why Portugal initiated the Iberian wave of exploration?

 

a) had shut off Muslim trade links during the Crusades

b) strategic location near the coast of Africa

c) royal family support of exploration

d) maritime experience gained through Mediterranean trade and a series of naval wars with the Ottoman Empire

e) navigation school created by Prince Henry the Navigator

 

3. Which of the following was not a theme of European exploration?

 

a. Europe paid an ethical price which would lead to war, greed, prejudice, religious intolerance and slavery

b. nations of Europe gained an unprecedented amount of geographical, navigational and scientific knowledge

c. nations of Europe competed directly with Muslim traders for control of the east African coast and the Americas

d. Europe colonized, conquered of forced open foreign markets

e. environments, populations and political systems of explored nations were altered, sometimes dramatically

 

4. Which of the following did not make up the growing bourgeoisie/middle class in Europe?

 

a. traders

b. wealthy landowners

c. artisans

d. craftsman

e. bankers

 

5. Which of the following was not an effect of the Columbian exchange?

 

a) indigenous Americans intake protein for the first time

b) increased milk and meat supply in the Americas

c) Christianity spread across Americas

d) population increase in Africa due to introduction of manioc

e) coercive labor took the form of indentured servitude, slavery, and the encomienda system

 

 

6. Which of the following was not an accomplishment of the Ottoman Empire

 

a) transformed many Byzantine churches into mosques

b) built an empire on three continents

c) maintained control through fierce monarchy and not through civil service or an established bureaucracy

d) reasonably accessible government that allowed citizens to petition the sultan regarding religious/political issues

e) Constantinople turned into Istanbul

 

7. Which of the following was not a characteristic of the Manchu/Qing Dynasty?

 

a) originated by pastoral nomads from Manchuria

b) Chinese men honored through the wearing of traditional shaved foreheads and braided hair

c) trading imbalance resulted due to allowance of silver as payment

d) Canton chosen as port of connection to European traders

e) Manchus given superior positions over Chinese

 

8) Which of the following was not a characteristic of Spain’s decreasing role in European affairs?

 

a) Dutch Netherlands gains independence

b) English defeated Spanish Armada

c) Amassed gold spent on wars, missionary activity and maintenance of elaborate democratic reforms

d) failure to create competitive manufacturing centers

e) import of finished goods from England

 

9. Which of the following was not an accomplishment of Louis XIV?

 

a. Creation of Versailles

b. increase of empire led to increased business transactions and taxes

c. patronized the arts which contributed to the transformation of France to the cultural center of Europe

d. established academies for the study of commerce and science

e. numerous wars increased value of treasury and led to stable economic system

 

10. Which of the following was not a characteristic of Japanese neo-Confucianism?

 

a. stressed social order

b. ethnocentrism that saw Asian world as superior to European world

c. historicism that looked to the past as a guide

d. investigated natural and human world to discover principles of human interaction

e. believed to help create harmony in society

 

 


 

11. Which of the following was a not an attempted reform of Akbar in Mughal India?

 

a. outlawing of Sati

b. arranged market day for women so that those that followed purday (confinement) could get out

c. child marriage discouraged

d. widows encouraged to remarry

e. women expected to contribute equally to family finances

 

12. What is the name given to the exchange of slaves, manufactured goods, and sugar, molasses and rum?

 

a. Middle Passage

b. Columbian Exchange

c. Triangular Trade

d. Encomienda system

e. three-fold system

 

13. Which of the following was not a trait of feudal Europe?

 

a. belief in salvation

b. small-scale trade

c. lack of education outside monasteries

d. territorial disputes

e. balance of power between judicial, legislative and executive branches

 

14. Which of the following was not a problem with the Catholic Church on the eve of the Protestant Reformation?

 

a. creation of additional pope that ruled from Avignon

b. some clergy not well-trained or even spiritual

c. Church not paying tax on land

d. selling of indulgences to finance Renaissance artists while reducing time in purgatory and confirmation

e. bishops appointed for political purposes

 

15. Which of the following was not a long-term effect of the Scientific Revolution?

 

a. people for the first time begin to question the Church

b. some people became Atheists or Deists

c. the gradual disbelief in supernatural explanations for natural phenomenon

d. people begin to believe they can explain human interaction through scientific methods and questions

e. scientific method taught in high schools across America

 

16. Which of the following was not a difference between land-based empires and water-based empires?

 

a. land-based empires were ruled by a central administration

b. land-based empires didn’t invest large amount of treasury in navy

c. water-based empires pursued technological advances more due to competition with other nations

d. land-based empires focused on domestic problems more than exploration abroad

e. water-based empires influenced indigenous people on multiple continents

17. Which of the following was not a demographic effect on Africans due to the Columbian Exchange?

 

a. more females African slaves than male African slaves in the Americas

b. many Africans became Christianized

c. unique cultural synthesis of African music and dress with American forms

d. syncretism of Christianity with indigenous African religions

e. gradual population increase after new crops become established in Africa

 

18. Which of the following was a cause of the ideological shifts in Europe during the Renaissance and Scientific Revolution?

 

a. Crusades cut off Europeans from advanced Islamic Civilization

b. increased trade fueled contacts with other worlds

c. monasteries became centers of learning

d. scholasticism encouraged communities to become self-sufficient and look internally for solutions

e. Byzantine and Islamic Empires destroyed Classic knowledge forcing Europe to forge a new identity

 

19. Which of the following was not an accurate description of an interaction with the West?

 

a. the Ottoman Empire took a military approach – although they traded they also hoped to enlarge their empire

b. China remained relatively isolated allowing limited contacts in selected ports

c. Russia had a mistrust of European ideas and only allowed Enlightened ideas that challenged the autocratic system

d. Japan eventually ordered missionaries to leave and only allowed the Dutch to trade out of Nagasaki

e. Mughal India allowed British access to trading ports, but eventually British affected local affairs

 

20. What is the term given to the period in which Europeans attempted to create natural laws for how governments and economies should run?

 

a. Enlightenment

b. Reformation

c. Renaissance

d. Scientific Revolution

e. Age of Endowment

 

21. Which of the following was not an effect of the new global economy?

 

a. By 1750, almost all peoples are somehow connected through global trade

b. unequal relationships developed where core nations became masters and indigenous populations provided the labor force

c. food exchange created new staple crops in Africa/ Europe

d. diseases had a catastrophic effect on the indigenous people of the Americas

e. Spanish and Portuguese create worldwide empires that last for almost seven centuries


 

22. Which of the following was not a cause of the European exploration boom of the 15th century?

 

a. failure of the Hanseatic League to control trade in the Baltic Sea

b. application of new navigational technologies

c. desire to find quicker access to luxury goods in the East

d. European regions become increasingly organized under strong leaders

e. European visitors return from Mongol courts with knowledge of Asian technology

 

23. Which of the following was not borrowed by the Northern Wave of exploration from the Iberian Wave?

 

a. creation of forts to protect shipping lanes

b. stolen information about shipping routes

c. desire to gain wealth

d. eagerness to turn colonies into permanent settlements

e. exploitation of natural resources

 

24. Which of the following was not a characteristic of Joint Stock Companies?

 

a. freedom from influence by central authority

b. pooled resources from many merchants

c. reduced risks of colonization

d. huge cargoes created potential for huge profits

e. investors bought shares in company

 

25. Which of the following was not an ethnic group in the Americas?

 

a. Peninsulares

b. Creoles

c. Mestizos

d. Mulattos

e. Native Americans

 

26. Which of the following was not a characteristic of all of the “gunpowder empires”?

 

a. Reliance on a slave army for protection

b. Islam as the religion of the ruling group

c. extremely centralized

d. militarily powerful

e. strong navies were not emphasized

 

27. Which of the following was not a characteristic of Ottoman harems?

 

a. few used for sexual purposes

b. mothers could influence sons

c. slaves taken from Muslim, Christian, and Jewish settlements

d. ranked by status

e. trained to read Qu’ran and perform music

 

28. Which of the following was not a success of Ivan the Terrible?

 

a. established absolute rule over Russia

b. recruited Cossacks from the established nobility to conquer eastern lands

c. growth was territorial but not artistic

d. ruled under reign of terror and executed anyone who disagreed

e. expanded empire eastward

 

29. Which of the following reflected Peter the Great’s desire to westernize Russia?

 

a. men shaved beards and wore western clothing

b. St. Petersburg built as “window to the east”

c. traveled in disguise to Europe to gain knowledge of Western ways

d. recruited finest scientists and artists to change Russia

e. influenced denial of Mongol traditions

 

30. Which of the following was not a characteristic of absolute monarchies?

 

a. belief in “Divine Right of Kings”

b. maintenance of strong armies

c. high taxes to support frequent wars

d. territorial expansion as a goal

e. refusal to implement elaborate bureaucracies for fear of diminished control

 

31. Which of the following occupied the lowest status in the Tokugawa social hierarchy?

 

a. Eta

b. Traders

c. Craftspeople

d. Samurai

e. Farmers

 

32. Which of the following was not a cause of decline of the Mughal Empire?

 

a. centralized government returned to local political organizations

b. leaders failed to bridge differences between Hindus and Muslims

c. last emperor Aurangzeb attempted to impose Hinduism on all followers in attempt to end strife

d. foreign countries gained increasing influence

e. cost of warfare and defensive efforts to protect northern border drained treasury

 

 


 


33. Which of the following was an effect of the Catholic Missionaries attempt to abolish the harsh treatment of Native Americans?

 

a. replacement of one oppressed group with another

b. Spanish refuse to colonize west of 38th parallel

c. radical censorship silences missionaries

d. peninsulares gained land and slaves from adjoining island regions

e. all forms of slavery abolished in 1542

 

34. Which of the following was not a cause of population growth during the early modern era?

 

a. general warming of the climate

b. improved diet

c. improvement in agricultural techniques

d. lack of widespread outbreaks of disease

e. land cultivation limited in scope to encourage proper methods of harvesting

 

35. Which of following was not a characteristic of the Renaissance?

 

a. powerful families in Italian city-states competed as patrons of the arts

b. artists performed autopsies learn more about the human form

c. perspective utilized a focal point and varied the size of objects based on proximity

d. works became more secular as the Renaissance spread North

e. a greater variety of colors than that used in the Middle Ages

 

36. Which of the following was not a product of the Catholic Reformation?

 

a. Sunday mass became optional for merchants and others involved in commerce

b. Council of Trent defined the rules of how to receive salvation

c. bishops and priests received better training

d. clerics encouraged to lead a more Christian life

e. the Catholic Church reconfirmed their absolute authority over spiritual life

 

37. Which of the following Enlightened thinkers is not accurately linked to his primary philosophy?

 

a. Thomas Hobbes – democracy is the best form of government

b. John Locke – humans are born with the natural rights of life, liberty and property

c. Jean-Jacques Rousseau – humans are free to obey laws if they are just

d. Montesquieu – importance of separating powers into legislative, executive and judicial branch

e. Adam Smith – governments should allow market fluctuations to determine production

38.Which of the following was not a consequence of slavery

 

a. depopulation of the youngest and healthiest Africans

b. arts and technological growth of Africa suffered because governments could make money through trading of humans

c. focus of power shifted away from coastal regions to interior kingdoms that were less vulnerable to the slave trade

d. Africans seen as inferior to Europeans to justify slave trade

e. cross-section of African society detrimentally effected due to randomness of slave raids

 

39. Which of the following was a reaction to Westward Expansion?

 

a. Mughal India acted most decisively by evicting all missionaries and traders except from the port city of Delhi

b. Europeans set up internal colonies after conquering coasts

c. China and Japan start to devalue their own culture as they are stunned by the impressive technology of the West

d. the Americas were overwhelmed by European technology, disease and mastery of the guinea pig saddle

e. importance of the Muslim empires diminished as their region could be circumvented which hurt their trading role  

 

40. Which of the following was a theme of the Early Modern Era – 1450 >1750?

 

a. gender relations become matriarchal and women across the world rise up and demand equality

b. the wealth from global trade transforms Europe from an agricultural society to an industrial society

c. native vegetation was lost due to deforestation for staple crops and newly introduced beasts of burden

d. governments become less centralized and develop more thorough bureaucracies

e. nations shift to direct interaction with other nations and not through nomadic intermediaries

 

41. Which of the following technology does not match its description?

 

a. sternpost rudder – invented in China

b. sextant – able to journey farther without getting lost

c. astrolabe – measured distance of sun compared to horizon

d. three-masted caravels – larger ships with larger cargo room

e. gunpowder – utilized with great success on the sea

 

42. Which of the following accurately describes the British East India Company?

 

a. refused to bring slaves to the New World for ethical reasons

b. took Asian port of Malacca

c. motivated by desire to gain wealth

d. eager to turn colonies into permanent settlements

e. exploited natural resources

 

 

 


 

43. Which of the following was a reason why the Northern European nations were able to be successful exploring nations?

 

a. strong navies offered protection to merchants

b. decentralized governments encouraged freedom of thought

c. proximity to Asia encouraged journeys around Africa

d. held monopoly of navigational technology

e. religious control of government forced missionary efforts

 

44. Which of the following was not a reason why regions remained outside the world trading network?

 

a. lack of navigable rivers and fear of contracting malaria prevented exploration of internal Africa

b. Tokugawa Japan concerned about intentions of Europe

c. Ottomans dismissed the impact of European technology

d. Chinese access to silver prevented them from trading with Europe

e. Mughal India preoccupied with imperial expansion

 

45. Which of the following is not an example of the successful implementation of mercantilism?

 

a. Spanish reliance on British manufacturing goods

b. American colonies using British ships to transfer products

c. African timber taken to Europe

d. Brazil’s reliance on Portuguese arts and education

e. France’s easing of taxation on internally traded goods

 

46. How did the European imperial expansion into America differ from that of earlier empires?

 

a. massive immigration of members from the core nation to the conquered region

b. first time introduction of diseases killed indigenous population

c. refusal to transfer European values to indigenous people

d. radical transformation indigenous people had on artistic and religious traditions of Europe

e. minimal effect on demographics of indigenous population

 

47. Which of the following was not a reason for immigration to the Americas?

 

a. religious persecution

b. growing industrial opportunities in Europe

c. captured due to slave trade

d. frustration of system of primogeniture

e. desire to create ideal societies in the New World

 

48. Which of the following was not a characteristic of European monarchies?

 

a. internal civil wars between nobles and monarchs

b. battles result from trade disputes between rival nations

c. hesitance to intermarry with royalty from adjoining nation

d. religious conflicts between Protestants and Catholics

e. right to rule ordained by God

 

 

49. Which of the following best demonstrates the early Ottoman reaction to diverse peoples?

 

a. toleration of religious difference but enforcement of the Turkish language

b. Protestants and Catholics persecuted, but Orthodox religions allowed to practice

c. taxes primarily drawn from Shi’ite Muslims and Nestorian Christians

d. Non-Muslims allowed to convert to Islam, but not forced

e. all races and religions treated with equality and there were never any sectional disputes

 

50. Which of the following was not a reason for the decline of the Ming Dynasty?

 

a. nomadic peoples continued to pressure Great Wall

b. maintenance of infrastructure neglected

c. agricultural yields shrank due to worsening soil quality

d. massive influx of bullion led to growing inflation

e. court eunuchs remove themselves from power struggles

 

51. Catherine the Great

 

a. reversed Peter the Great’s policies of westernization

b. reduced severe punishments for crimes

c. added new territory in New World down to Mexico

d. gave more freedom to serfs

e. rebuilt St. Petersburg, but called it St. Catherinesburg

 

52. What was the name given to the minority French Protestants?

 

a. Huguenots

b. Quakers

c. Puritans

d. Calvinists

e. Lutherans

 

53. Which of the following was not a precedent established by the English Bill of Rights?

 

a. commoners finally had a say in government

b. laws passed by parliament now laws of the land

c. freedom of speech within parliament

d. taxes levied by parliament

e. limited powers of the monarch

 

54. Which of the following was not an economic gain under the Tokugawa Shogunate?

 

a. became highly urbanized – Edo and Tokyon became largest cities in the world

b. rice and grain production more than doubled

c. built elaborate network of roads and canals

d. merchant class gained in wealth and power

e. population grew rapidly

 

55. What is the correct spelling of my name?

 

a. Mr. Burnett  b. Mr. Burnette c. Mr. Burnet d. Mr. Brunette