Foundations unit
Prehistory to Post Classical world
8000 bce to 600 ce
Transition from Paleolithic
-> Neolithic -> “Civilization
Tools- stone
General Social Equality
Based on need, not pre-established roles
World population
4 million in 10 bce to 5 million in 5000 bce and rose to 14 million in 3000 bce and about 100 million by 500 bce
Basic survival/ sustenance level
Influence by climate
Nomadic, hunters/ gatherers
Neolithic Era
Transition- nomadic- settled
Living- caves/open areas- actual dwelling
Population increases- need for relationships and support systems
Villages- cities
Food surplus begins
Surplus = trade, specialize occupations; complex societies
Division of labor based on skills; roles are less equal
Division of labor
-gender roles change and become less equal
Complex record keeping systems
-Alphabet and writing systems
-Pictograph-picture/physical needs
-Ideograph-abstract pictures/ideas
-Phonograph-symbols/sounds
They built temples and formed religions
Beginning of the Bronze Age-Mesopotamia,
-
-
-
-Egyptian Civilization
Predictable flooding- used for irrigation
Prevailing winds- river trade
Deposits of building materials
Silt deposits
Papyrus- maps, paper, rope, etc
-
-Harrapan
-Mohen-jo Daro
-
-Xia and Shang Dynasties are hard to prove historically
Paleolithic Civilization
Societies created armies, built walls
Increased wealth
Built temples; religions formed
Bronze Age- populations concentrated in:
`
Religion is the foundation for our societies. It’s why we have our laws, expectations, and social patterns.
E- Economic
reasons
S- Social reasons
P- Political reasons
Protestants- North
Catholics- South
China- Buddhists/Japan/Nepal
Russian Orthodox-civil war part of religious reasons
Hindu-India mostly
Muslims-equator
Christianity
-2 billion adherents make it mist practiced in the world
-Originated in
-spread by missionaries and the
-most practiced religion in
Islam
-1 billion and adherents
-originated in
-spread by Muslim armies to
-Sunni (83%) throughout Muslim world
-Shiite
-prophet: Muhammad
-holy text: Koran
-spread:
Buddhism
-500 million and adherents
-primarily
-Originated in modern day
-spread in
-Indian traders brought it to
Karma-your past bad or good actions determine your progress toward Nirvana through reincarnation. You are your own god.
Theravada- the older, more severe form which requires the renouncing of all worldly goods and desires.
Mahayana- focuses on Buddha’s teaching and compassions.
Hinduism
-900 million and adherents, primarily in
-Hinduism is an ancient term for the complex and diverse set
of religious beliefs practiced around the
-Reincarnation-endless cycles
-coastlines and river banks most sacred places
-Vishnu and Shiva most common deltas of hundreds
Judaism
-Founders of monotheism
-Abraham-founder/first Islamic prophet in 2000 bce
-25 million adherents
-some believe in after life, some don’t (afterlife is kids)
-Jews don’t believe Jesus was messiah
-Holy text is Torah